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Law enforcement vehicles aren’t your everyday family car. To meet the demands of police duty, they need room to haul lots of gear, house technology to support field operations, and provide protection for drivers and occupants under potentially tense circumstances. Every year, manufacturers design, test and release an assortment of products to meet those tough qualifications, from inserts and storage systems to racks and software programs. Get ready to roll with these selections from the latest generation of vehicle modifications and accessories, created to help you customize your space and work smart on the move.

SoundOff Signal nFUSE Exterior Full Size Lightbar
Raising the Bar
When you want to announce a law enforcement presence, colorful flashing lights send a clear message day or night. SoundOff Signal’s new nFUSE Exterior Full Size Lightbar modules alert all on scene with a slew of flash patterns, such as cruise mode or takedown. They can also be configured to shine in alley pattern or LRCO arrow. The bar’s sleek profile measures less than 2 inches in height, and departments can choose from a variety of lengths, from 36 inches to an expansive 72 inches. The outer lens is available in clear, amber, red or blue. The lightbar connects to the SoundOff Signal nERGY line of sirens and bluePRINT Control System. MSRP varies.

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T3 Motion Vigilant ALPR
Standup Surveillance
Not your typical motorized device, the T3 Motion Vigilant ALPR combines the T3 Patroller electric standup vehicle with the Motorola Solutions Vigilant Mobile LPR license plate reader. The three-wheeled patroller handles curbs with grace, offers zero-degree turning radius and conveniently drives through confined spaces generally prohibitive to autos or even motorcycles. The quiet electric motor powers the vehicle up to 20 miles per hour and produces zero emissions. The addition of the LPR camera with 360 degrees of situational awareness enables users to scan plates in various environments and check for warrants and alerts, including scofflaw, against databases in real time for actionable intelligence and faster responses. MSRP varies.

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Tuffy Security Products Atlas Vault Lockable Drawer
Mobile Vault
Whether you just want to keep valuables, paperwork or weapons away from prying eyes, or prevent items from being tossed around while taking turns at high speeds and bumping along unpredictable terrain, the Atlas Vault Lockable Drawer by Tuffy Security Products promises to protect its contents. Crafted out of 16-gauge steel, the heavy-duty drawer holds up to 100 pounds. The electronic 10-digit combination is set by the owner, but does come with a key override, too. The drawer rolls smoothly on stainless steel roller bearings. Mount the vault directly to the floor of any pickup or SUV with the steel mounting kit, or set it on risers 5–8 inches above the floor. MSRP less than $800.

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Saltus Technologies digiTICKET NS6 Ticket Writer
Ticket to Ride
The Saltus Technologies NS6 Ticket Writer elevates the functionality of the digiTICKET e-citations system and other public safety applications. For example, its onboard camera takes photos and pins them to e-citation files. It also notifies users of repeat offender status or scofflaw alerts. Because it runs on a Windows 10 OS, it’s compatible with many tablets and laptops if you prefer a larger screen than the handheld version. An optional 1D/2D barcode scanner can capture driver’s licenses, VINs and registration documents in a matter of seconds. The Gorilla Glass multi-touch screen responds quickly to a stylus and protects against water damage. The device also includes an accelerometer, gyroscope, e-compass and GPS. MSRP $1,650.

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Havis 2020 Ford Interceptor Utility K9 & Prisoner Transport Insert
Passenger Protection
Law enforcement professionals escort a variety of passengers, including suspects and prisoners who may become combative, as well as K9s that don’t conveniently fit into standard seatbelts. The Havis Next Generation K9 & Prisoner Transport Insert for the 2020 Ford Interceptor Utility Vehicle, including hybrid models, creates a safer environment for all. The front slider door exit has been redesigned to eliminate rattle, ensures a complete range of motion for full operability and boasts infinite locking points. Edges have been smoothed and gaps closed to prevent injuries for K9s. Dogs will appreciate the low-floor entry/egress, and their handlers will value the lack of chew points. The K9 compartment slides in on the passenger side, while the single-prisoner compartment, which includes a front bulkhead with upper clear polycarbonate guard, sits behind the driver. Fabricated from heavy-duty aluminum, the insert is available in white or black powder coat finish for easy cleaning. MSRP unavailable.

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5.11 Tactical Vehicle Ready Hexgrid Platforms
Space Saving
Law enforcement vehicles can get crowded very quickly. Finding extra storage space demands that you think beyond the usual suspects of trunk and floor. Designers at 5.11 Tactical seized upon the valuable real estate of a seat back to hold the Vehicle Ready Hexgrid Platforms. The patented multi-angle load-bearing system includes a headrest strap, removable side-seat straps and a quick-release padded seat wedge. Choose from a variety of MOLLE, hook-and-loop and Gear Set attachments to stash items for hassle-free retrieval. MSRP $44.99.

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Software coded specifically for cops empowers law enforcement with time-saving efficiency and cutting-edge capability.

Like so many industries, policing has entered the world of Big Data and the Internet of Things. From the moment you’re dispatched on a call all the way through report writing, evidence logging and even reviewing investigation details to brief prosecutors or testify in court, there are heaps of data produced, collected and in need of organization. What differentiates law enforcement from other industries generating massive quantities of information is that officers — and, by extension, the communities they serve — depend on that information being delivered, processed and engaged in real time. Even on an administrative level, programmers have honed in on developing software solutions specific to the demands of running a police agency. So whether you’re the chief information officer or just a tech geek, you’re sure to appreciate the valuable impact the newest software options and enhancements to traditional law enforcement tools offer in the line of duty.

Nuance PowerMic III
Speak Out
Writing reports is many police professionals’ least favorite aspect of the job. Typing out forms can be tedious and time-consuming. The PowerMic III speech-recognition microphone speeds up the process by translating dictation into the written word. Designed to work exclusively with the Dragon Professional Group software family, also produced by Nuance, this high-tech microphone is programmable to prefill standard report fields. Navigate within and between files with simple voice commands — in fact, it incorporates PC-mouse capabilities so there’s less switching between microphone, mouse and keyboard. Plus, the unidirectional microphone helps block out environmental noises for clear comprehension. MSRP $424.

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Atlas Business Solutions Inc. ScheduleAnywhere
Managing Manpower
Deploying deputies, officers, detectives and other personnel isn’t just a function of command to cover law enforcement needs, it’s also a human resources responsibility. Tracking staff and the hours they work, including overtime, can get complicated — especially when crises crop up, as they tend to do. ScheduleAnywhere software by Atlas Business Solutions Inc. offers the flexibility to roll with changing circumstances. Key to the program is that users can log on from any computer or mobile device to rework schedules, assess staff availability, manage shift rotations and even request or approve time off. It also updates personnel files with new training and certifications. MSRP $25 per month.

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Envisage Technologies VaultRMS Exposure Tracker
Handling Hazards
Police officers regularly come into contact with dangerous situations, but sometimes the danger arises from exposure to hazardous materials. Fentanyl, biological contaminants, environmental threats — these and so many other substances pose health risks that may require medical and other safety documentation. Envisage Technologies recently added VaultRMS’s Exposure Tracker to its FirstForward platform. A primary function of the software is to collect documents and other media related to exposure incidents, as well as recording use of protective gear and assessment of physical conditions before and after exposure. The system also automates management of training, policy and employment records, and even performance reviews. MSRP $10 per member.

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COBAN Command Center
Virtual Vault
From crime-scene photos to emails to text messages to cryptocurrency — plus, of course, body-worn camera footage — more and more evidence is digital. But just like physical evidence, storage of digital files quickly becomes an issue, as does retrieval for case management purposes. COBAN’s Command Center is an integrated system that accepts various file formats, including video, across multiple sources. Departments can connect with local servers or engage a cloud option to house files, with easy access between each. Other features include case management organization and live policing applications, such as Interview Room. MSRP unavailable.

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Motorola Solutions APX Next
Smart Talk
Cops have been relying on radios for generations. Now, Motorola Solutions has redefined the communications device with the APX Next by adding several mission-critical apps. The ViQi program comprehends multiple natural language nuances for smoother voice-command operations. A secured cloud connection enables speech-to-text/text-to-speech queries as well as remote programming, so there’s no need for downtime to upgrade. Its platform augments data from the public safety landscape, such as traditional radio, broadband, video and various other sources. Plus, routing services send radio signals over broadband LTE for faster, more accurate officer locating. MSRP unavailable.

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Mark43 Computer Aided Dispatch
Real-Time Response
Any delays in dispatch can result in costly response delays. Even shaving off a few seconds can make a notable difference in emergencies. The Mark43 Computer Aided Dispatch system does just that by allowing operators to share pertinent details on screen with responders on site, as well as receiving feedback from the field in real time. GPS-AVL enables dispatchers to quickly map out units and direct the nearest officers to respond, another time-saver. An integration with E911 and emergency medical dispatch systems provides for multiagency coordination. Finally, the program accommodates personalized workflows for greater efficiency. MSRP unavailable.

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Law enforcement professionals rely on their senses to assess a scene and determine what actions must be taken to maintain safety for themselves and the public. Sight is especially critical for scanning surroundings, searching for evidence, observing suspects and watching the streets on patrol. Under less-optimal visual conditions like night, dusk, dawn or darkened buildings, it’s hard to confront what can’t be detected in the light of day. That’s why flashlights and other lighting gear have become invaluable tools for law enforcement. Still, not every illuminating device is fit for service. See how manufacturers are incorporating greater operability, reliability and durability into the latest lighting technology.

PowerTac USA Patrol-LE10X
/ Powered to Perform
Illuminating a scene, large or small, shouldn’t require multiple light sources. Thanks to the Patrol-LE10X from PowerTac USA, you can brighten things up with a wide-pattern flood-shaped beam that covers more than 400 meters. Users can count on long runtimes, more than 55 hours at the low of 155 lumens and more than six hours with strobe or SOS modes. Even at the highest brightness, 4,200 lumens, you’ll squeeze out nearly four hours of use. Recharge via a wall or 12-volt vehicle charging station. MSRP $229.95.

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Streamlight TLR-VIR II Tactical Illuminator
/ Triple Threat
The Streamlight TLR-VIR II Tactical Illuminator combines three functions into one compact rail-mounted attachment for M17/M18 pistols or long guns. The first function produces a high-intensity white LED beam that burns at 5,000 candela and 300 lumens. The second, an integrated infrared illuminator, partners with the third, a Class 1 “Eye Safe” IR aiming laser, for precision shooting in low visibility. The infrared illumination is generated by an 850-nanometer LED emitter with 600 mW/sr radiant intensity. The laser technology includes adjustment controls for windage and elevation. Don’t worry about the powerful attachment throwing off aim by adding significant weight: It tips the scales at less than four ounces. MSRP $600.

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MF Tactical Delta Series XP-LHD LED
/ Updated & Upgraded
MF Tactical has incorporated numerous improvements into its redesigned tactical Delta Series XP-LHD LED flashlight. It measures less than six inches long (10% smaller) and less than six ounces (12% lighter), but housed within this petite profile is the power to run four distinctive modes, including strobe with memory capabilities and a stronger high beam (20% brighter). Its exterior consists of military-spec level III anodized aluminum, extra-thick, hardened mineral glass lens and a deep diamond, anti-slip knurling pattern handle that includes a magnetic base for hands-free use. MSRP $89.99.

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1TAC TC1200 PRO
/ From Low to High
Officers will appreciate the utilitarian nature of the TC1200 PRO from 1TAC. Go from a high beam that shines upwards of two miles to low mode for a comfortable projection in close quarters with a few clicks of the recessed single-hand tail switch. Other modes include medium beam, strobe and SOS flashing. This tactical model also boasts a magnetic base and built-in utility clip for operation without impeding movement or demanding extra attention. An aircraft-grade aluminum casing offers protection against drops, impacts and corrosion. MSRP $96.

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FLIR Scion Professional Thermal Monocular
/ Eyeing the Heat
Designers at FLIR Systems Inc. loaded the Scion Professional Thermal Monocular with a laundry list of features intended to enhance performance for public safety professionals. Most importantly, the FLIR Boson thermal core clearly captures images in low visibility. Additional components allow operators to zoom in on subjects incrementally and as a picture-in-picture option. Two gigabytes of internal memory plus microSD card accessibility store recordings of geotagged video and still images. Pair the monocular with FLIR’s truWITNESS technology for real-time encryption to protect digital files. MSRP $3,295.

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Maglite ML150LR
/ Fast Focus
Standard torches are great under standard circumstances, but demands on law enforcement don’t conveniently fit into standard parameters. There’s always the potential for the unexpected, and your light should respond accordingly. Maglite’s ML150LR rechargeable flashlight system is all about quick reactions. The QuickFocus and QuickClick features enable users to switch modes with minimal effort. Plus, a customizable interface encourages users to set preferred functions that speed up response times even more. Charge time is pretty quick, too, clocking in at less than three hours. Runtime is the only characteristic that purposefully slows down; operation lasts three hours on high and 79 hours on eco mode. MSRP $120.

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“Dressed for success” takes on a whole different meaning when you’re talking about tactical apparel. Law enforcement professionals expect their clothing to meet multiple standards. In addition to looking professional, tactical clothes and accessories must be constructed out of durable material, strong enough to take on the roughest of conditions. For added value, shirts, pants and vests should provide storage options, such as concealed pockets. Protective layers should never compromise an officer’s ability to freely move. And in order for accessories — such as belts, eyewear and footwear — to qualify as tactical, they need to offer functional features not found in civilian versions. See what else tactical apparel designers have created to enhance law enforcement officers’ ability to do the job.

WILEY X
WX Wave Black Ops
Eye on the Job
Even in winter, sunglasses serve a vital role for officers. They can guard eyes from daytime glare and snow reflection, plus conceal where your attention is directed. The smoke gray lenses of the Wiley X Wave Black Ops glasses do just that while also meeting safety standards for optical clarity. They’re also prescription ready. The matte black frames are highlighted by half-rubber temples for both flexibility and a nonslip-grip fit. A T-Peg elastic strap is included to provide extra security. The glasses also satisfy standards for high-mass/high-velocity impacts. MSRP $100.
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Tru-Spec
24-7 Series Eco Tec Tac T-Shirt
Material Matters
The 24-7 Series Eco Tec Tac T-shirt from Tru-Spec offers a lot of the features necessary to perform tactical tasks. The anti-microbial and moisture-wicking properties keep people dry even in cold temperatures. Each sleeve contains a convenient pen stall. Mesh side gussets allow for airflow, and a split drop-tail hem enhances back coverage. But it’s the material that makes the difference. The no-pill, no-snag, four-way stretch fabric contains Repreve polyester, which is made out of recycled plastic bottles and has been certified as one of most earth-friendly fibers. Sizes S–4XL. MMSRP $22.95.
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HAIX
Black Eagle Safety 55 Mid SZ
Find Your Footing
From cold temperatures to slippery surfaces, winter can be tough on feet. Black Eagle Safety 55 Mid SZ boots from HAIX address many environmental and situational considerations, such as keeping feet warm and dry in the harshest weather conditions. While the Secura liner is sealed along the upper leather to keep cold out and heat in, the inner lining tackles many vital tasks. It’s watertight, abrasion resistant and prevents against blood and body fluids. The boot’s exterior handles multiple terrains — the sole is molded out of a nonslip, nonmarking rubber that’s also protected against heat, oil and gasoline. The Vario Wide Fit system allows for a more personalized fit for ultimate comfort. U.S. sizes 4–16. MMSRP $299.
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First Tactical
V2 Pro Performance Shirt
Look Good, Feel Great
First Tactical combined the classical features of its popular Performing Polo shirt with the utilitarian nature of its V2 shirt to create the hybrid V2 Pro Performance Shirt. The professional appearance is enhanced by a no-curl collar, hidden buttons and ID write bar. General wearability is complemented by an Arms Technology Mechanical Stretch, anti-snag jersey body material, which has a wicking and anti-odor finish. There’s also a double-layer woven yoke and running gusseted construction under arms to extend durability. It comes in midnight blue, green and black colors, as well as men’s and women’s sizes. MMSRP $49.99.
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Condor
LCS Cobra Gun Belt
Belted In
With not one, but two layers of webbing, you know the LCS Cobra Gun Belt was built to take on big jobs. Condor designers started with a 2-inch heavy-duty webbing on which they layered SCUBA webbing. Combined, the materials increase the capacity to carry heavy loads. Laser-cut slots easily accommodate modular attachments. Also, the belt can be worn as part of a two-belt system. Users can remove the inner anti-slip pad if seeking a sleeker fit. The belt is available in OD, black and coyote brown, and measures from small/medium (up to 38.5 inches in length) to large/extra-large (up to 50.5 inches in length). MMSRP $80.95.
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Point Blank Enterprises
Paraclete Special Response Vest
Invested in Safety
Adaptable, multifunctional, durable and protective are all adjectives that describe the Paraclete Special Response Vest by Point Blank Enterprises. Users can configure the front panel to adapt to situational needs. Its hard armor plate pocket can house Shooter’s cut plates while the back armor plate compartment accepts Shooter’s or rectangle plates. The front ID panel hides an admin pocket. Several optional accessories can be added to the vest, such as a collar, yokes and other inserts. Additional features include Aspetto buckles for swift release and two hidden radio/magazine pockets on each side. The material is a MOLLE-compatible webbing, combined with a spacer mesh and Tweave liner for comfort. MMSRP base vest $1,740–$2,442; complete system $3,222–$4,665.
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Voodoo Tactical
Valor Standard 10-Ring “Q” Bag
It’s in the Bag
Fashion gurus always suggest matching a bag to your outfit, and for law enforcement professionals, that means finding a carrying case specifically outfitted to hold necessary tactical gear. The Voodoo Tactical Valor Standard 10-Ring “Q” Bag was specifically crafted for field duty. It’s compact enough to easily be stashed inside a patrol bag, but large enough to safely store eye and ear protection, gun-cleaning items as well as ammunition and magazines. In fact, there are two removable double-mag pouches. A rollout mat creates a clean surface for weapons cleaning, and on the outside you’ll find side and rear pockets. Locking zippers protect contents. MMSRP $58.95.
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The world of academia exploded in scandal this year when news broke of celebrities and wealthy parents allegedly cheating the system to get their children admitted to Ivy League schools. Such stories can make college admissions sound like an ultra-competitive nightmare, but never fear: If you want to pursue a degree as a working professional, you’ll find that most institutions — especially those tailored for adult learners, like the members of the National FOP University Consortium — recognize the demands of balancing school, work and family, and try to make the admissions process accessible and accommodating. Of course, it helps if you do a little studying of your own. Here, admissions officials and graduates guide you through the key steps along the path toward higher education.

1. Set Goals
Why do you want to earn a degree? How will education benefit your career? According to the Police Foundation, more than half of the nation’s law enforcement agencies offer at least one incentive for continuing education, such as mandating a degree for promotion or offering greater pay for a four-year degree.

“I wanted to do something to not only advance in my current career, but also to make myself marketable after retirement from police work,” says Jacob Morris of his decision to enroll in Ashland University for a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice. The Lorain Police Department sergeant, a member of Ohio FOP Lodge #3, graduated in 2017 and has since completed a master’s program at Bowling Green University.

This is the stage to determine the scope of your educational goals. Decide on type of degree, area of study and whether you want a specialized concentration within the field.

2. Research Schools
Degree programs differ in coursework and instructional formats. Some are taught exclusively online, others require in-person attendance and some provide a hybrid of the two. Ask yourself which arrangement will suit your study style as well as professional and personal demands.

“It is important they research the program offerings, learning modalities, university support services and financing options available to determine the best fit for their individual needs,” says Jamie Jaynes, vice president for admissions at the University of Maryland University College.

Also, it’s advisable to stick with accredited institutions. “Regional accreditation is the highest level, and nationally accredited is a much lower standard,” says Erik Fritsvold, Ph.D., professor of sociology and academic director for the Law Enforcement and Public Safety Leadership master’s degree program at the University of San Diego.

Next, study the curriculum. “Is it specifically designed to serve law enforcement, or is it masquerading as law enforcement-centric to attract students?” asks Fritsvold. “Make sure the skills and content have practical value.”

Before finalizing your top choices, inquire whether previously earned credits, military service and/or work experience will transfer. “We evaluate many forms of nontraditional credit, including military training, certifications and learning evaluated by the American Council on Education, and various forms of public safety training. We also have a Prior Learning Assessment program designed to evaluate learning gained while working, although transfer credit is not guaranteed and depends on the student’s degree program,” says Dennis Porter, senior law enforcement education coordinator for American Military University.

3. Calculate Finances
Higher education comes with a high price tag, so investigate financial resources. According to the Police Foundation, nearly 75% of agencies offer tuition reimbursement for work-related college courses. Approximately 30% reimburse for any college class. Be sure to read the fine print — some departments ask for proof of passing grades before releasing funds.

Have you served in the military? Per the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, post-9/11 veterans with at least 90 days of aggregate active duty are eligible for education benefits. Many universities have counselors or representatives well-versed in these details to guide applicants through the documentation.

Also, nontraditional undergraduate students may qualify for federal student aid, including grants that don’t need repayment — graduate students can receive loans, but generally aren’t eligible for grants. The application period opens each October for the following academic year, and applicants submit data from the most recent tax return. Schools determine amounts based on need, accounting for nontraditional students’ economic circumstances, including the number of dependents, employment status and even medical bills. Note that unsubsidized loans accumulate interest as soon as monies are dispersed; however, interest on subsidized loans is deferred while attending classes at least half-time. Terms of private loans vary.

“I took out student loans because I didn’t want to work overtime to pay as I went. I thought that would be counterproductive,” says Kenneth Ehrman, an investigator for the California Department of Motor Vehicles, vice president of California FOP Lodge #77 in Sacramento and sergeant at arms for the California State Lodge. Ehrman received a master’s degree from the University of San Diego in 2017.

And, don’t forget about scholarships, available based on criteria such as organization membership, ethnic and cultural heritage, and financial need.

“If you spend 10 hours finding a scholarship that lands you $1,000, you just paid yourself $100 per hour,” notes Bernie Banning, director of graduate, online and adult admissions for Ashland University.

“The university awards a large number of scholarships once a year through a separate application process for Upper Iowa University students,” notes Dawn Novak, assistant vice president for enrollment management for Upper Iowa University.

“Tiffin University also offers a long list of corporate partnerships, including discounts to FOP members. Other large discount programs include active military and their families, reserves and military retirees,” says Nikki Hintze, executive director for online Enrollment Management for Tiffin University.

4. Apply
It’s finally time to apply. Online forms are self-explanatory, but be prepared with names of schools and dates of attendance for previous studies. In most cases, working professionals will not have to provide ACT/SAT scores or take the Graduate Record Examination for online graduate programs. That said, institutions may mandate testing for course placement.

“There are much better tests to see where a person is at in two areas all majors require: English composition and mathematics. They will be tested to see where they are at and need to start,” says Andrew Coggins Jr., assistant director of admissions for the University of Cincinnati.

Don’t hesitate to contact an admissions counselor with questions.

“I never had a problem getting an answer. They were always available and eager to help,” remembers Brian Meek of his application process for a master’s degree in intelligence studies from the American Military University. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration diversion investigator is a member of Arizona FOP Lodge #14 and retired from the Phoenix Police Department in 2017.

5. Prep for Class
“Because financial aid increases with the number of courses taken, many students attempt to take too many courses to maximize aid,” says Porter. “They end up needing to drop courses, or worse yet, fail courses because they took too many at the outset. Being realistic with the time you can devote to your studies is absolutely vital to academic success.”

Be sure to build a strong support network. Notify supervisors in case you need scheduling accommodations. Arrange a homework routine with family. Also, engage the formal services offered by the school.

“With the Admission Office and Advising Office working side by side, students at Tiffin University will have a go-to person every step of the way,” says Hintze.

No doubt going back to school requires a big commitment of time, energy and resources; however, the return on investment can pay off throughout one’s career, both in and out of law enforcement.

If you’re in the market for a new gun, pay attention to the details. The latest generation of firearms provides greater customization. Advancements in materials protect against corrosion and lessen the load on shooters. Even gun accessory makers have updated designs of holsters, slings and other accompaniments to make carrying a firearm more comfortable and less visible. What do you value most in a new duty weapon or personal firearm? Precision? Durability? Size and ease of use? Check out some of the finer details on these new offerings that enhance accuracy and safety.

Safariland Model 557 Open-Top Concealment Holster
Safely Secured
Many recent handgun models allow for lighting devices, including lasers, to be attached, but most previous holster designs can’t accommodate the combination. The Safariland Model 557 Open-Top Concealment Holster, however, makes room for both pieces of gear. Released this year, the holster safely secures a firearm with or without a light attachment. An ejection point detent protects the weapon with a gripping mechanism but allows for quick release. Its low profile cleverly keeps the gun concealed, and the wide design distributes the weight more evenly to provide a comfortable fit. The holster’s utilitarian design houses a number of gun makes. MSRP $50.

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Blackhawk Multipoint Sling
Weight Distribution
The weight of a concealed weapon during a long shift can become physically tiring and muscle straining. The Multipoint Sling from Blackhawk prioritizes comfort as well as safety. The nylon weave material is strong enough to withstand hours of wear and tear. A wide webbing helps distribute the weight to prevent strain while also allowing freedom of movement. A patented rapid-adjust slider enables quick changes to sling length as needed. The sling also easily converts into multiple configurations. Available in black and coyote tan. MSRP $39.95–$79.95.

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Mossberg 590M Mag-Fed
Pumped for Action

Earlier this year, Mossberg introduced the 590M Mag-Fed 12-gauge shotgun, building on the company’s tradition of creating top-quality pump-action platforms. This model is characterized by nonbinding twin action bars, a steel-to-steel lockup, dual extractors and a heavy-walled barrel. Total round capacity maxes out at 10+1. Unique engineering created integral stabilizing ribs to directly engage the magazine via notches that ensure a positive lockup. The double-stack magazine’s patented design consists of hardened steel feed lips, over-molded steel shell ramps and an anti-cant rounded follower. Magazine capacities are available in 5, 10, 15 and 20 rounds. MSRP $721.

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Qualification Targets Inc. USMC-THREAT
Target in Sight
Qualification Targets Inc. intended the USMC-THREAT-PL to aid soldiers in firearms training, but law enforcement can easily adopt it, too. Measuring 20 inches by 40 inches, the target is printed directly onto corrugated plastic, protecting it from weather conditions. The USMC-THREAT-HALO is a paper target featuring specified chest zones, an outer halo zone and head zone. MSRP $67.50 for bundle of 10 PL; $35 for bundle of 100 HALO.

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MILO Range M-SATS
Situational Awareness
Firing-range training is great for developing accuracy, but those controlled circumstances don’t translate to the real world, where various conditions can affect accuracy. That’s why MILO Range programmed the M-SATS (Mobile-Situational Awareness Training System) to present more than 800 video scenarios and 60-plus skill builders to test a shooter’s situational assessments, reactions and accuracy. The program automatically memorializes training sessions to generate reports. The hardware system contains the MILO Range CPU with a Windows operating system, MILO laser and flashlight detection cameras, stereo speaker system and a transport case. Its portability allows training teams to set up the system in various environments, which can make the experience more situationally realistic. MSRP $24,995.

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Savage 110 Tactical
Shooter Specific
Designers of the 110 Tactical rifle by Savage believe a touch of customization gives users a notable advantage in accuracy. The AccuFit system enables users to customize the length of the pull to achieve consistency shot after shot. They can fine-tune the AccuTrigger system to deliver as light a pull as possible or as preferred. The AccuStock feature adds accuracy by securing the action up and down the full length of the stock. Finally, a soft grip fore-end paired with a soft pistol grip ensures comfortable handling. Available in right- and left-hand models. MSRP $769–$784.

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Sig Sauer P365 Nitron
Micro Managed
Sig Sauer engineers don’t believe compact pistols need to sacrifice firing power. The P365 Nitron packs a lot of bang into a small design. The 9mm handgun measures less than 6 inches in length, is slightly more than 4 inches in height and weighs approximately 18 ounces. The slide is produced from stainless steel and finished with Nitron to prevent corrosion. Designers incorporated the standard SIGLITE Night Sights, and the trigger is striker fired. MSRP $599.99.

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Kel-Tec P-3AT
A Firing Force
Don’t let the light weight (8.3 ounces) of the Kel-Tec P-3AT handgun fool you into thinking it’s a lightweight gun. The semiautomatic, locked breach pistol boasts incredible power with a double-action firing mechanism. Also, the locking dynamics reproduce a recoil similar to that of larger guns. Magazine holds a capacity of six. MSRP $338.18.

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Smith & Wesson M&P M2.0 Compact
Compact Power
Although slight in size, the M&P M2.0 Compact pistol by Smith & Wesson is full of precision engineering to enhance shooters’ accuracy. For example, the lower barrel bore axis helps reduce muzzle rise and promotes quicker aim recovery. An 18-degree grip angle encourages a more natural point of aim. What’s more, palm swell grip inserts come in four interchangeable sizes (S, M, ML, L) to provide optimal fit. An extended, rigid, embedded stainless steel chassis helps to reduce flex and torque during firing. Lastly, the handgun features a tactile and audible trigger reset. MSRP $569.

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FN America FN 509 Tactical MRD
In Sight
This summer, FN America introduced its new FN 509 Tactical MRD handgun. The 9mm model’s barrel is constructed of cold hammer-forged stainless steel. An enhanced grip texture and interchangeable back straps provide a confident grasp, complemented by an ambidextrous slide stop lever and magazine release. Also featured is the patent-pending FN Optics Mounting System along with a fixed three-dot night sight. FN 509 Tactical MRD is compatible with several brands of optics. MSRP $1,049.

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See this story in the Winter 2018 FOP Journal issue.

Being selected to serve on a tactical team often means you’ve acquired an advanced skill set to carry out high-risk duties, so you expect your clothing to meet that tough challenge, too. When choosing tactical apparel, there are a lot of factors to consider, with the first always being comfort. Tight, binding fabric for shirts, pants or jackets could inhibit movement, which is absolutely unacceptable. Another key characteristic is whether the item has been winterized. Does the material provide protection against the elements, be it wind, rain, snow or frigid temperatures? A third factor is functionality, from extra pockets to store gear or conceal a weapon, to boots designed to prevent foot fatigue, to vests for added layers. Finally, don’t forget about style — there’s no reason why tactical apparel can’t look good, too. The items highlighted here are designed to meet these and many other criteria, helping law enforcement professionals dress for success.

Galati Gear Deluxe Tactical Vest
Invested in Safety
In 2018, Galati Gear introduced the Deluxe Tactical Vest with a removable mag belt. This new design is loaded with options to efficiently organize your gear the way you want it — for example, owners can remove the deluxe universal holster, pistol web belt and shot shell holder to attach patches or additional accessories. It also holds three height-adjustable pistol mag/flashlight pouches, a radio pouch, a sniper shoulder pad, two internal zippered map/document pockets, and a heavy-duty back-loop system to hold even more gear if necessary. It’s available in standard left- or right-hand versions, plus a husky right-hand design.
MSRP $50–$104.95

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Tru-Spec Men’s 24-7 Series Guardian Pants
Fit for Duty
Keeping the foundation of its popular tactical pant style, Tru-Spec has upgraded the design for its latest, the 24-7 Series Guardian Pants for men. The slider waistband offers a more wearable fit, but still contains the original PRYM snap with YKK brass zipper. Side cargo pockets have been elongated with hook-and-loop closures. These are topped with an additional utility pocket. Another update is the easy-access DropN pocket behind each cargo pocket. Knees have been reinforced to endure intense physical activity. Colors include black, coyote, khaki and ranger green.
MSRP $62.95

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HAIX Black Eagle Tactical 2.0 GTX High Side Zip Boot
Fancy Footwork
The latest in footwear from HAIX USA appears heavy-duty but feels lightweight. For the Black Eagle Tactical 2.0 GTX High Side Zip Boot, designers paired trail-running technology with nonslip soles, which are also are shock-absorbing to insure footing when giving chase. Extra padding in the ankle zone provides support and stability. This version contains Sun Reflect technology for breathability, a GORE-TEX inner liner for dry comfort and a waterproof zipper. The boots are completely metal-free, which gives you a leg up on security surveillance or metal detectors.
MSRP $199

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Dickies Tactical Softshell Jacket
Withstand the Weather
On the outside, the Dickies Tactical Softshell Jacket functions like typical winter outerwear; it’s both water-repellent and water-resistant as well as wind-resistant. On the inside, you’ll find smart tactical options, including hidden front and back ID panels and storage pockets to keep items out of sight. Plus, concealed weapons can be quickly accessed through a side holster. Designers included front slash hand-warmer pockets for extra comfort.
MSRP $99.99–$109.99

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Propper 1/4 Zip Job Shirt
Total Coverup
When you need a shirt to be much more than just a fashion statement, Propper’s 1/4 Zip Job Shirt is designed to get the job done. The cotton/polyester fleece fabric wraps the wearer in a warm, cozy layer. When dressed for duty, utilize the tactical specifics, such as mic clips located on the shoulders, dual-depth chest pockets and a two-channel pen pocket. It’s constructed to withstand lots of wear and tear, with anti-abrasion canvas reinforcements strategically located at elbows, side pocket and inside the collar. Sizes range from XS to 5XL.
MSRP $44.99

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Under Armour UA Enduro Tactical Pants
Practical Tactical
The UA Enduro Tactical Pants from Under Armour are styled for doing the job in winter’s harsh elements. The UA Storm technology embedded in the material helps repel water, such as melting snow, while an anti-odor technology blocks the growth of nasty microbes. Plus, the pants are constructed from ultra-durable ripstop fabric, so they can withstand just about any activity required in the field. Offset belt loops make room for proper holster placement, and the stretch-engineered waistband accommodates movement. Available in both women’s and men’s cuts.
MSRP $75–$80

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Original S.W.A.T. Chase 9” WP Side-Zip Boot
A Step Forward
Everything about the Chase 9” WP Side-Zip boot by Original S.W.A.T. has been created for safety, durability and, of course, a comfortable fit. Safety precautions start with materials treated to be waterproof and bloodborne-pathogen-resistant. What’s more, a moisture-wicking lining contains AEGIS, an antimicrobial, and the Chase outsole exceeds the ASTM standard for slip resistance. Durability comes from proven material choices, including full-grain leather and long-lasting nylon. Comfort is due in part to a perforated collar for breathability, custom-molded thermoplastic heel counter and toe box, and a gusseted tongue to block dirt and debris.
MSRP $129.99

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See this story in the Winter 2018 FOP Journal issue.

As a supplement to our print story on criminal justice and human services degree programs, faculty experts explain the benefits to a holistic approach for today’s policing.

Traditionally, criminal justice degrees have focused on the legal and tactical aspects of a career in law enforcement, from the streets to the courthouse. But nowadays, many educational institutions are adding human services concentrations and electives to both undergraduate and graduate programs. We asked faculty members from a variety of universities to discuss this evolution and how law enforcement professionals can benefit professionally and personally by learning more about the human aspect of police work.

Meet the Faculty

DAN BARRY, program chair of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Phoenix, Las Vegas Campus, retired from the Las Vegas Metro Police Department as a captain, having worked in SWAT, intelligence, patrol and internal affairs.

KIMBERLEY BLACKMON, Ph.D., is the program director for all criminal justice degrees at Walden University. She also worked as a police officer and detective for more than six years.

JACK HAMLIN, J.D., department chair for National University’s criminal justice program, has served as a police officer, evidence technician and lawyer.

SCOTT HAWKINS, Ph.D., is the director for the Master of Arts in Human Services program at Liberty University.

DAVID HOPPE helped develop the Bachelor of Science in Child Protection and Juvenile Justice degree at Bellevue University.

AMY TROUT, Psy.D., is an associate professor and program director for the Regent University human services program. She helped establish the various concentrations, including criminal justice.

SHERYL VICTORIAN, Ph.D., functions as both an adjunct professor at Southern New Hampshire University and assistant chief for the Houston Police Department.

Why is being knowledgeable about human services, such as mental health, trauma and juvenile justice, important to law enforcement professionals (LEPs) today?

BARRY: I can’t emphasize enough the importance of education, especially human services. Without the human services component, you are at a disadvantage — 99.9% [of what we do] involves people.

TROUT: In law enforcement, you’re dealing with stressed situations where you’re not getting the best version of the people you’re meeting. That makes it more important to have that foundation of a good working knowledge of people and how to work well with them in light of situational barriers.

HAWKINS: We discuss how when people are anxious, fearful or uncertain, their behavior may escalate or increase irrationality. Human services can help police professionals in recognizing the signs and remaining calm themselves so they can move to desired outcomes of their own behavior that are more likely to produce desired outcomes for the situation.

VICTORIAN: Human services education in law enforcement is very important. It teaches us how to deal with victims and address the needs of victims. It also shows that law enforcement professionals have a compassionate side.

HAMLIN: Not all crime necessarily involves criminals. What crimes do have in common is a certain spiral of shame with that individual. If we can break that cycle and get them back up to operational levels, maybe we will see a drop in crime like we’ve seen over the past few years.

HOPPE: Adolescents who are incarcerated, who have had traumatic childhoods, psychopathology … grow up and go into the adult system. If we could intervene earlier, then maybe we could be lowering the adult prison population.

Recently there’s been reporting on how often police and corrections officers encounter individuals struggling with mental illness. Do human services courses help prepare LEPs to more effectively cope with this population?

BARRY: A high percentage of what police deal with is people suffering mental illness. Here at the University of Phoenix, we hosted a symposium [in] partnership with human services on how to de-escalate situations. As a former SWAT officer, I can tell you firsthand, crisis negotiations work to deescalate individuals. You spend the time to talk and de-escalate individuals and maybe bring them to medical professionals if they need it. We don’t need to arrest and make them go to jail.

BLACKMON: That’s so critical right now in the criminal justice field. We are adding that element to our undergraduate and master degrees. We’ve gone through our academic programs to review it with experts to change certain elements, such as crisis identification and intervention.

Can an education in human services improve LEPs’ wellness?

TROUT: They’re dealing with hard situations, and oftentimes, you do not have the opportunities for debriefing. It’s good to know how to do a self-assessment of how well you’re functioning in light of job stress. That can help prevent burnout and let you know how you can get resources.

VICTORIAN: Officer wellness is a big issue in law enforcement right now. There is a high percentage of suicides in the profession. A background in human services education does allow officers the opportunity to be able to identify within themselves when they’re struggling and recognize they may need help. If they’re not properly dealt with, then our behavior could lead to destruction to our careers and families.

How would you advise LEPs who may be considering studying human services to advance their professional development?

HAWKINS: Determine if you’re looking for knowledge in a niche area. Do you want more knowledge of substance abuse and how different substances affect individuals? Would you like more knowledge in terms of resiliency and working with the military, understanding triggers of PTSD and knowing what the cues are?

HAMLIN: Look at what your department needs and the direction of law enforcement you want to go. Also, consider the practical aspects, such as the time and cost required to obtain your degree.

TROUT: Look at the quality of instruction and instructors. Who is directing the program and teaching the classes? Are these people you can grow through?

For more about these programs, read “The Human Touch.” 

Criminal justice degrees emphasizing human services can help officers help others.

As a public servant, you regularly come in contact with a variety of people — witnesses and victims of every age as well as offenders. Each encounter presents unique circumstances that call for situational-specific responses. Traditional training emphasizes the legal, safety and tactical parameters of a scenario, but what about the human behavior aspect? “Without the human services component, you are at a disadvantage — 99.9% [of what we do] involves people,” says Dan Barry, a retired law enforcement officer who chairs the Criminal Justice and Security program (which includes the option for a human services concentration in its B.S. in Criminal Justice Administration degree) at the University of Phoenix’s Las Vegas campus.
Many members of law enforcement are attracted to the profession specifically because they want to have a positive impact on people’s lives. And the expectations on officers to address issues of community policing, mental illness, homelessness, domestic violence and juvenile justice are greater than ever. In response, more and more criminal justice degree programs are offering a human services concentration for a holistic approach to policing. Whether you’re interested in honing your people skills in your existing position or transitioning to a specialized field like child welfare or victim advocacy, pursuing higher education in this area can better equip you to answer the call for help.

WALDEN UNIVERSITY

DEGREE: Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice: Human Services for Criminal Justice
COURSE SAMPLING: Restorative Justice; Mobilizing and Coordinating Community Response; Victimology
KEY COMPONENTS: Walden’s human services concentration arms students with the power to advocate for victims and juveniles by learning to assess needs and identify community resources as well as studying trends, such as restorative justice strategies.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “What makes us different is our mission statement of making positive social change, and we incorporate that into the curriculum. For capstone projects, we encourage students not just to summarize their experience, but also how they will apply what they learned to their daily lives.” — Kimberley Blackmon, Ph.D., Criminal Justice program director

DEGREE: Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice, Human Services Concentration
COURSE SAMPLING: Communication Skills for Human Service Professionals; Family and Community Systems; Ethics and Laws in Child Welfare
KEY COMPONENTS: Coursework for this online degree helps students learn skills to manage crises, identify the impact of trauma and spearhead coordination with other agencies.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “We have a responsibility to give victims the help they need and we need to build relationships to improve [community policing].” — Sheryl Victorian, Ph.D., adjunct professor and assistant chief of the Houston Police Department

DEGREE: Bachelor of Science in Child Protection and Juvenile Justice
COURSE SAMPLING: Interviewing and Negotiating; Victimology and Trauma; Freedom and Responsibility
KEY COMPONENTS: Offered online only, courses for this accelerated degree are divided into sequential cohorts to advance skill sets. Lessons examine adolescent welfare and juvenile justice, psychological disorders affecting young people, and the complexity of family dynamics.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “For law enforcement officers who work in schools, such as resource officers, this would be an ideal degree. Courses discuss how to confront adolescents under the influence of drugs or with mental illness.” — David Hoppe, assistant professor and program director

DEGREE: Master of Art in Human Services, Criminal Justice & Ministry
COURSE SAMPLING: Helping Skills & Techniques; Multicultural Awareness & Individual Diversity; International Trafficking in Persons
KEY COMPONENTS: A partnership between the School of Psychology & Counseling and the Regent University School of Law, this master’s degree addresses pertinent topics in law enforcement today. Each course runs eight weeks, often including small-group projects, podcast lectures and asynchronous chatroom discussions.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “Even if topics aren’t ministry-specific, such as criminal justice, our core classes in human services do have integrated components. You’re studying the specifics, but we’re also talking about ways on how to enhance that from a ministry perspective.” — Amy Trout, Psy.D., associate professor and Human Services program director

DEGREE: Master of Science in Juvenile Justice
COURSE SAMPLING: Leaders at National University are restructuring the curriculum, with input from juvenile probation departments, for this advanced degree. Starting in spring 2019, courses will reflect restoration and other proven practices to prevent juveniles from becoming adult offenders.
KEY COMPONENTS: National University awards students with credit for classes completed at the police academy and general education units from community colleges to reduce the time needed in the classroom.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “We’re looking at ways to educate people with a look at juvenile offenders from a broader, holistic view rather than just an offender in an incident.” — Jack Hamlin, J.D., professor and Criminal Justice department chair

DEGREE: Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Administration, Human Services for Criminal Justice Concentration
COURSE SAMPLING: Mental Health and Crisis Intervention in Criminal Justice; Case Management and Services Provided in Criminal Justice; Collaborative Services in Criminal Justice
KEY COMPONENTS: Enrollees gain an in-depth knowledge of theories and principles. Plus, the curriculum and faculty challenge students to exercise leadership and managerial skills typically required for career advancement.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “I love teaching communication. How we communicate isn’t necessarily just about the words we use, but how we say them and how they come across to others.” — Dan Barry, Criminal Justice and Security program chair, Las Vegas Campus

DEGREE: Master of Art in Human Services Counseling, Criminal Justice
COURSE SAMPLING: Human Growth & Development; Studies in Interpersonal Communication; Group Dynamics
KEY COMPONENTS: Students gain a comprehensive perspective of how behavioral sciences complement criminal justice practices with real-world examples illustrating principles in counseling and mental health.
FACULTY INSIGHT: “Law enforcement and military personnel have gravitated to this degree. They appreciate that the core counseling classes give them a higher set of people skills … and insight into mental health issues at the practical level.” — Scott Hawkins, Ph.D., MA Human Services director

Click here to read more faculty insights on how human services degrees in criminal justice can benefit officers.

See this story in the Winter 2018 FOP Journal issue.

The Mandalay Bay resort and casino in Las Vegas, site of the deadliest mass shooting by an individual in modern U.S. history, is just one example of how public venues can be vulnerable to attack.

It seems as though nothing is off limits to individuals and groups intent on doing harm to others. The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Temple Station, NYPD’s 52nd Precinct and Texas Tech University Police in Lubbock are only a few of the law enforcement agency locations that have fallen victim to attacks in recent years. There have also been cowardly attacks at concerts and other entertainment events around the world, including the Las Vegas mass shooting and the Manchester bombing. These incidents have forced law enforcement to re-evaluate their current tactics, techniques and procedures for mitigating threats to public sites and their own workplaces. Additionally, critical infrastructure facilities and entertainment venues alike are examining their physical security postures to assess their readiness to combat these types of violent attacks. Law enforcement must place great emphasis on securing their own houses as well as public places that may be targets, developing facility-specific strategic response plans that work in conjunction with the venues’ existing security measures.

For many years, active killers and terrorist organizations have claimed victims from all walks of life on a global scale. These threats are very real, and law enforcement must maintain a constant state of readiness and conduct ongoing training and evaluations. Terrorists will indiscriminately seek soft targets and exploit vulnerabilities in an attempt to claim as many victims as possible. These attacks are not random or by accident; they are calculated acts of violence with the intent of achieving a specific outcome. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” Therefore, law enforcement, entertainment venues and music touring personnel, like anyone else, must face the potential threat of global terrorism just as much as they must face random acts of violence.

The tactics, techniques and procedural lines of physical security and personal security are often blurred or confused by personnel not specifically trained in the two disciplines. To clarify this misconception, physical security is the act of protecting assets, whereas personal security focuses on the protection of personnel. Although these are completely separate procedurally, they both have common ground and therefore the security model must work in harmony between the two. This article will focus on the physical security aspects for maintaining a high level of security at a public venue, with the primary focus of creating a harder target and enhancing the level of protection of the site and its occupants.

Military and law enforcement operations all start with information pertaining to a particular operation or event. Once that information is collected, it is then vetted to determine whether it will yield any benefit to the operation. If it is determined to be beneficial, it is considered intelligence and categorized accordingly. The intelligence is then used to build a target package through the utilization of intelligence assets and other resources. Let’s examine the social media aspect of active-shooter incidents. Several case studies show that the attackers either posted their intent on social media prior to the attack or livestreamed during it. There is never a perfect solution to these types of incidents. However, data shows that the use of open-source intelligence (OSINT) may have proved beneficial in mitigating some of these attacks, thereby potentially saving lives. There are numerous companies that provide software platforms for the collection of OSINT. These platforms collect data from the dark web, social networks, public records and numerous other online locations, using keyword searches, geofencing, historical searches and SMS real-time alerts to quickly locate people.

A typical sight in most office buildings, a door being propped open is a simple example of a security vulnerability that has the potential to compromise an entire facility. (Photo by Darren Norris)

The first thing that should be assessed is the physical security posture of each specific potential target, whether it be a law enforcement agency, entertainment venue or critical infrastructure site. This starts with a thorough physical security assessment of the site by examining three key components: risk, vulnerability and real or perceived threats. This is often referred to as a threat and vulnerability or risk assessment. It is important to note that “threat,” “risk” and “vulnerability” are not interchangeable terms. Although they have similarities, each is very different in nature and is part of the overall paradigm for assessing risk and vulnerability.

Threats can often be a very challenging element to factor into a security plan. In most cases, a threat is viewed as the “X-factor” when it pertains to physical security. Threats are typically outside of total control and therefore are usually assessed on a theoretical basis, unless specific threats have been made to a specific site. However, once a threat has been identified, the validity must then be evaluated to determine whether the threat is real or perceived, and then the physical security plan can be tailored to meet it as required.

The risk assessment element is designed to clarify the nature of a risk. Additionally, it is designed to gauge the probability of occurrence, its intensity and what impact it will have on people, property and the surrounding environment. By decreasing existing onsite vulnerabilities, risk can be effectively managed and theoretically mitigated through proper assessments, planning and corrective action.

A vulnerability exists when there is degradation in the physical security design. An inoperable barrier, eroded berm or broken fence are all examples of vulnerabilities in the physical security design. These, coupled with existing threats, may result in a loss of life or catastrophic damage to the venue if existing vulnerabilities aren’t identified and the appropriate corrective actions taken.

For added perimeter security at a recent rally held by President Trump, Houston Police created barriers with M35 2½-ton (aka “deuce and a half”) cargo trucks and dump trucks to close roads around the venue. (Photo by Darren Norris)

A walk-through magnetometer at a concert venue is an example of access control.

In order to determine what level of physical security is required for a facility, a thorough physical security assessment must be conducted in order to identify what vulnerabilities exist. The simplified baseline for this assessment is to deny unauthorized persons access to the facility, equipment or resources. The singular focus is to protect lives and property at the location being assessed. There are seven basic elements that should be evaluated during the assessment. These multilayered elements are interdependent and must be assessed and maintained on a continuous basis.

1. Perimeter security: The perimeter is the boundary that separates the secure areas from those the public can access. There are numerous types of perimeters that are used to security a facility, ranging from fences to solid walls. The physical security assessment will aid in identifying which perimeter control measures should be added or enhanced for each individual location. This should also include the perimeter or security buffer zone.
2. Security guard force: Security guards with the appropriate jurisdictional authority to enforce the laws on the property in which they are paid to protect. In most cases, a properly deployed guard force will serve as a deterrent for those with the intent to do harm.
3. Access control: Access to any facility should be restricted to persons authorized to be in specific areas of the property. Access control is typically designed to allow access through the use of human-controlled methods such as a receptionist or security guard, or through mechanically controlled methods such as key locks or biometrics.
4. Intrusion detection system (IDS): Intrusion detection monitors the security system for both malicious activity and violations of facility policy. The system network will immediately alert security personnel in the control center of any irregularities. Typically, the intrusion detection system will integrate with other systems, such as perimeter control and video monitoring systems.
5. Video monitoring system (VMS): Video monitoring systems are a valuable asset because they can function as a facility-wide force multiplier when sufficient guard force does not exist to patrol the facility. Additionally, they serve as a visible deterrent and provide video documentation that can be used for analysis of previous events.
6. Security lighting: Proper security lighting must be utilized to protect persons and property from criminal activity. Proper lighting also serves as a deterrent and gives the perception of an increased security posture. Security lighting should be installed along perimeters, buildings, pathways, parking lots and any other area determined to be a potentially vulnerable zone.
7. Occupant emergency plan (OEP): Law enforcement or a physical security specialist should assist in the development of a comprehensive OEP for agency as well as all civilian sites. This is done through the physical security assessment process. The OEP is a critical part of the security plan, as it instructs personnel on how to respond during an incident. Comprehensive incident response guidelines for personnel should include the following elements:
   • Supervisory role
   • Rally points
   • Accountability of personnel
   • Communications
   • Medical aid
   • Law enforcement response and how personnel should interact during an incident

All personnel who work within the facility should be educated on the OEP so that they have a complete understanding of how they should respond to an incident, either individually or in a group.

Landscaping should be designed to deny access to the facility. This berm providing easy access to the roof is an example of what not to do. (Photos by Darren Norris)

Jersey barriers should be properly placed and properly filled. Empty barriers will not provide the required level of protection to deny access to unauthorized vehicles.

Crime prevention through environmental design is a widely used technique in the physical security design process. Not every facility has the fiscal means within its budget to purchase state-of-the-art security equipment or pay personnel for security staffing. The CPTED method is widely used in conjunction with all security designs, as it provides an additional layer of security for facilities with existing physical security assets. For facilities with limited budgets, CPTED will provide a fundamental layer of security. CPTED is not designed as a means to deny access to any location, but as a means of redirecting direct access to certain areas and deterring crime. The CPTED concept consists of four basic principles:

1. 1. 1. Natural surveillance is the “see and be seen” concept. A person is less likely to commit a crime if they believe that someone can see them committing it. During the design process, lighting and landscape should be assessed to provide maximum site-wide visibility.
      2. Natural access control is a method to direct pedestrian and vehicular traffic to a desired location through a predetermined route. In order to achieve the desired result, landscape, signage, fencing, lighting and walkways are used.
      3. Territorial reinforcement is used to create a sphere of influence giving the perception of an increased security posture at the facility. Public and private areas are clearly distinguished. The physical security design process may include the use of concrete planters, landscaping, signage or other devices to make a statement of proprietorship on the facility grounds.
      4. Maintenance is an often-overlooked component in all security programs. The “broken window theory” implies that if one broken window exists, it will lead to others. Neglected and poorly maintained properties will ultimately become an attractive target for the criminal element. Therefore, scheduled and as-needed repairs and preventive maintenance should be ongoing.

Portable barriers are an outstanding method for controlling access in the absence of fixed equipment.

Physical security assessments are not a “one and done” concept. Law enforcement should conduct regular training and evaluations at their own agency as threats against law enforcement continue to increase. Additionally, training and security assessments should be conducted on a regular basis with partner agencies and designated high-value targets within the community at locations such as stadiums, arenas, schools, water treatment facilities and other facilities that would be detrimental to the public and community infrastructure if attacked.

Unfortunately, numerous facilities have allowed their onsite equipment assets to degrade and essentially become ineffective. A good example is a cracked water-filled Jersey barrier that allows the water to drain out. A Jersey barrier, depending on design, ranges in weight from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds when full, versus an empty weight of approximately 150 pounds. Another good example would be the triple strand of barbed wire atop a chain-link fence. The triple-strand wire routed through the “Y” arm atop the fence post creates an ominous sight to most. However, the majority of fences are easily defeated, as many of the arms are not welded in place, thus rendering them ineffective from an access-control standpoint.

Officers tasked with conducting physical security assessments must be certified as a physical security specialist, train regularly, and build a comprehensive network with open lines of communication with the various high-value entertainment venues, educational sites and infrastructure facilities within the community.

Darren Norris retired as the assistant chief of police with the Pelion Police Department. He is the chief operations officer with MUR Strategic, a company that specializes in protective security operations. He has over 28 combined years of military and law enforcement experience. A state-accredited law enforcement instructor since 1995, he has served in command, patrol, K-9, SWAT and investigations assignments throughout his career and is an active member of Midlands Lodge #1.

See this story in the Winter 2018 FOP Journal issue.

By Captain Darren Norris

Today more than ever, law enforcement officers are confronted with a host of challenges and a multitude of threats. The outcome of every decision made by officers has the potential to be a life-changing event for everyone involved. This is especially the case when mitigating a threat that has a deadly force narrative.

In the last couple of years, incidents stemming from officer-involved shootings have monopolized traditional and social media outlets, generating a wide range of public opinion accompanied by a host of diverse reactions — including groups like the New Black Panther Party and the Black Lives Matter movement advocating violence against law enforcement officers.

A person just has to look at the news or social media to see that deadly assaults on law enforcement officers are what appears to be a trending epidemic. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund reports that 126 officers were killed nationwide in 2014, with the highest percentage falling victim to ambush assaults.

Assaults against officers are not a new phenomenon. Dating back to the 1960s and 1970s, groups such as the original Black Panther Party, Symbionese Liberation Army and the Klu Klux Klan have been responsible for a number of law-enforcement-related assaults through the use of militarized tactics. In the current environment, the bottom line is that it is officers’ responsibility to prepare themselves to mitigate and survive a violent confrontation should it arise. Further, it is every agency’s responsibility to train its officers to the highest level of readiness for duty.

Anatomy of an Ambush
Simply stated, an ambush is a surprise attack on a moving or fixed target from a position of concealment. Those staging the ambush usually select a target site commonly referred to as the “X” or “kill box,” which allows them to maintain tactical dominance over their selected target. This battle-proven tactic utilizes speed, surprise and violence of action to attack before the target has an opportunity to react and defend themselves.

Ambush assaults are an age-old military tactic that troops have perfected over the years through research and development and real-world combat operations. The original concept is believed to be imitative of the stalking tactics used in the animal kingdom, where carnivorous animals — often referred to as ambush-predators or sit-in-wait predators — lie in a concealed location and attack their unsuspecting prey once they move into striking distance.

Two types of ambushes are typically used. The hasty ambush utilizes opportunity to exploit a target, while the deliberate ambush is generally a well-planned ambush on a specific target in a specific location. Ambush assaults are typically executed either as a point or area attack. The point method is an attack at a single location on a single target, whereas the area method may encompass multiple-point ambushes on multiple targets at different locations, utilizing a coordinated method to initiate the assaults.

Avoidance
One of the most dangerous potential threats to every law enforcement officer is the “It can’t happen to me” mindset. It can, so officers don’t have the luxury of being complacent, lazy or out of shape! An ambush assault, or any assault for that matter, can happen anywhere. It could be a well-planned, deliberate attack or a hasty attack in an apartment, restaurant or on roadside traffic stop. Attacks on officers are occurring while they are off duty in public spaces, as well as at their residences, with greater frequency. For example, many agencies issue officers take-home patrol cars that are proudly parked in front of their residences. Although that is a great fringe benefit of the job, it also lets people know when that officer is off duty. Look at other alternatives, such as parking the car in the garage or a place where the car is not visible from the road.

Agencies must put operational security (OPSEC) at the forefront of their policies and procedures to protect officers. For example, if someone asks if Officer Jones is on duty, what would the best response be? Instead of giving a direct yes or no answer, the person should be politely asked for their name, number and a message. It is also acceptable to advise that officers’ schedules cannot be provided due to security reasons. Regardless whether it is a dispatcher or the chief of police, security is everyone’s responsibility. People with ill intent only need to take to mobile apps such as Waze to find the location of officers on duty. Information such as the number of officers on duty or a specific officer’s schedule should never be disseminated to non-law-enforcement personnel.

Immediate Actions
Sometimes, even though officers do everything in their power to avoid a confrontation, a fight is imminent. Each officer must possess the skills, common sense and good judgment to navigate through it. As pertains to ambush assaults, the primary tactic for survival is to get off the “X.” Every second spent in the kill box decreases the officer’s chances of survival, so immediate action is required. Always have a plan of action before you need it!

What’s In Your Training Program?
Cops are made in two places: in training and on the street through practical experience. Ongoing training is critical to officer survival, decreasing liability for the agency, and meeting the challenge of providing the best possible service to the community. There are three components that equal potential disaster for an agency and officer: 1) failure to train, 2) poor supervision and 3) violating a person’s civil rights. All training methodology should have emphasis on tactics, techniques and procedures that are relevant and legally, tactically and medically sound. Law enforcement trainers have a vital responsibility in developing and conducting effective training for officers. It is imperative that all programs are well-designed and contain some of the following:

• Case-study analysis
• Research and development on new tactics and equipment
• Well-written lesson plans
• Clear objectives and grading criteria
• Practical, realistic hands-on training scenarios

Training combined with experience will provide officers with the necessary skill sets and assist with developing split-second decision-making skills to deal with any potential threat.

Always at the Ready
Officers must maintain a high level of readiness at all times in order to survive any violent confrontation. This is especially important when faced with an ambush-assault scenario. So how do they prepare themselves to mitigate an assault? The answer is simple: Each day, officers should challenge themselves in their training. Every officer should ask themselves if their level of physical fitness, mental preparation and tactical proficiency is at the ready and prepared to combat any threat that they encounter. All officers have a responsibility to maintain a high level of competency in order to carry out their duties. Ideally, each officer is training to a standard of unconscious competence so that their actions and reactions to life-threatening events become second nature. This is important because as the heart rate increases and stress is induced, the human body and mind will experience numerous physiological effects that are debilitative to the cognitive abilities of the officer. Some of these effects include tunnel vision, tachypsychia, auditory exclusion and adrenaline dump. To help control these effects, officers must conduct realistic training that will expose them to various scenarios designed to simulate real-world threats that challenge the officer’s ability to make sound decisions and execute a motor-action response to achieve a desired outcome.

There is an abundance of available resources varying in methodologies. It is not a matter of if but when an officer’s skills will be called to the challenge in a confrontation, so remember that there are a variety of tactics available.

What dictates the tactics that an officer should use? There are several potential factors that must be assessed, with no definitive answer. Some experts will argue that certain tactics are better for a specific threat, but there is no need to overcomplicate any scenario. The threat could range from a physical roadside confrontation to an ambush in an alley. As a general rule, situation and terrain will dictate what tactics and resources are needed to end the threat.

Most confrontations are very dynamic in nature. Therefore, the officer’s tactical response should have the same dynamic ability to evolve as the threat does. While there are countless tactics used in the military and law enforcement, the safety principles that should accompany them are often not emphasized enough. An officer’s tactics can and will change frequently as needed. An example of this is making a passenger-side approach versus a driver-side approach while executing a traffic stop. The tactic may have differed from the norm, but the approach method and safety principles remained consistent with good officer survival techniques. Another example could be making an entry and stacking four officers on one side of the door versus two on each side. The bottom line is that decisions are made by officers to address these dangerous situations. With this in mind, the principles of tactical operations must be at the forefront of any decision, such as maintaining 360-degree security at all times or indexing your finger along the trigger guard when not discharging a weapon. Regardless of assignment, all officers should adhere to the same agency training standards and safety principles. If officers always apply these tactical safety principles, it will exponentially increase the probability of a positive outcome.

Special thanks to the Irmo (South Carolina) Police Department for its active participation in the development of this article.

About the Author
Captain Darren Norris of the Pelion (South Carolina) Police Department has over 27 combined years of military and law enforcement experience. A state-accredited law enforcement instructor since 1995, he has served in patrol, K-9, SWAT and investigations assignments throughout his career and is an active member of Midlands Lodge #1.

For law enforcement professionals, high-performance clothing is a necessity, because there’s no place for distractions caused by discomfort, poor fit or malfunctions. That’s true any time of year, but when winter weather hits, staying warm and dry is essential for officers conducting duties in the field. If you live and work in a region that’s susceptible to freezing wind or copious amounts of precipitation, you can’t wear just any old jacket or boot and hope to stay comfortable. The key to outsmarting Mother Nature this time of year is to look for certain clothing attributes, such as waterproof, insulated and lined. Here’s a quick sampling of beat-the-sleet items designed with the law enforcement professional in mind.

Tru-Spec H2O Proof 3-In-1 Jacket
Multiseason Cover-Up

Talk about bang for your buck. This jacket accommodates varying temperatures and weather factors. For bitterly cold days, zip in the parka lining. On mild days, skip the liner or opt to wear the Inner Cumulus jacket on its own. Together, however, the double-layered jacket is waterproof and windproof. Other features in the improved Tru-Spec H2O Proof 3-In-1 Jacket are large chest pockets with zipper closures, a detachable hood and a side zipper to grant easy access to duty belts. Sizes range from extra small to 5XL. MSRP $243.95.

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5.11 Tactical Taclite Flannel Pant
Full-Length Comfort

If you’re already a fan of the 5.11 Tactical Taclite Pro Pant, then you’ll really appreciate the Taclite Flannel Pant. This new design highlights an integrated flannel lining that extends the garment’s wearability into harsh environments. The pant’s outer fabric remains the durable poly/cotton blend with a Teflon finish that resists staining. Closest to your skin, though, is 100% cotton flannel with a luxurious carbonized peach face. There’s also a configuration of multiple pockets and hip-mounted D-rings for convenient key or identification storage. Comes in black, khaki or dark navy. MSRP $74.99.

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Danner Gavre Boot
Firm Footing

Are you required to patrol over rugged terrain? Maybe you simply enjoy hiking year-round. Either way, going off road on foot means maintaining sure footing with every step. Constructed to perform in mountain warfare situations, the Danner Gavre Boot can handle surfaces ranging from snowy or muddy trails to steep, slippery slopes. Offering high stability via a fully rubberized outsole and integrated polypropylene board, a keen feature for winter is the flexible lacing system. Not only does it move with each step for a consistent and comfortable fit, but the system retains flexibility in any temperature. A Gore-Tex waterproof lining protects feet from rain and snow. MSRP $200.

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Blauer ArmorSkin Winter Base Shirt and ArmorSkin
Made to Move

Police officers already layer up with safety gear every day, so adding extra layers in the winter can quickly become cumbersome. While outerwear is a must during the winter months, you don’t have to exchange agility for warmth while wearing the Blauer ArmorSkin Winter Base Shirt under its ArmorSkin. The Base Shirt is lined with a moisture-wicking 215-gram microfleece for warmth that accommodates a broad range of motion and easy access to equipment. Slip on the ArmorSkin over the Base Shirt for a uniformed look. The top piece can be adjusted at both the shoulders and sides to cover protective gear. MSRP $64.99 for ArmorSkin Winter Base Shirt; $84.99 for ArmorSkin.

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Damascus Gear DZ-9 SubZero Glove
Hand Heater

Frozen fingers impede police work, which is why gloves are a definite must-have on the job. Damascus Gear designs specifically for law enforcement and military personnel, and its DZ-9 SubZero Glove is up to the task of a high-demand job in any weather condition. The company guarantees warm hands in frigid temperatures. The pre-curved design maximizes comfort and the full-leather palms aid a sure grip. Glove sizes vary from small to XXL. MSRP $43.20.

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Rocky Broadhead Duty Boot
Defy the Downpour

Even if you don’t walk a beat, policing is tough on the feet. It’s important to maintain happy, healthy and, most importantly, dry feet. Rocky offers a 100% guarantee that your feet will stay completely dry in its Broadhead Duty Boot. A spacer mesh allows proper ventilation to prevent sweating, plus you’ll enjoy EVA footbeds and midsoles that make these duty boots feel like athletic shoes and help fight off foot fatigue. MSRP $116.99.

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Galls Agent LTC Jacket
Tough Outer Shell

Not every region falls prey to winter’s wild whims. Maybe instead of freezing temperatures, there’s a slight chill in the air, just enough to require a jacket. That’s the ideal scenario for the Galls Agent LTC Jacket. This new design is constructed out of a waterproof polyester shell and lined with fleece. Ten-inch side zippers with snap tabs mean unobstructed access to duty gear or weapons. MSRP $39.99.

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SealSkinz Thermal Waterproof Cap
Top It Off

Exposing your head during rough weather can leave you wet and cold, so be sure to cover it up with a cap meant to repel moisture. The Thermal Waterproof Cap by SealSkinz has received a thermal rating of four, designating it fit for subzero climates. Made of durable, breathable and flexible material, it is also windproof. Pull-out earflaps provide extra coverage. MSRP $55.

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LawPro Waterproof Insulated Duty Glove
Warm to the Touch

LawPro employed a multifaceted approach to creating its Waterproof Insulated Duty Glove. First is the HiPora liner for waterproof protection. Then there’s a Thinsulate Insulation to block out cold and trap heat. Another element is GripSkin palms to ensure a firm grasp in inclement weather. Finally, neoprene keeps air flowing, prohibiting sweat buildup, and Velcro wristbands adjust to your perfect fit. MSRP $26.29.

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Hammacher Schlemmer Waterproof Sock
High and Dry

Fleece jackets are great at keeping the upper body warm, but what about your lowest extremities? Hammacher Schlemmer’s Waterproof Socks have been tested to keep the heat in extremely cold temperatures, even as low as -30 Fahrenheit. Dual layers work together to stay dry, including an expedition-weight, double-velour Polartec fleece that wicks moisture away from sensitive skin. These socks must also pass a test to make sure that they prevent leaks. MSRP $54.95.

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Think about all the noises you hear on a daily basis: sirens, motorcycle motors, loud radio calls and, of course, the potential of gunfire. Then there are the decibel blasts produced at the firing range. Repeated exposure to loud noises places law enforcement professionals (LEPs) at greater risk of hearing loss than the general public. In one survey of LEPs, more than half voiced concerns that workplace noise could likely damage their hearing, and more than three-quarters felt that hearing impairment could negatively affect their job performance. Considering that most hearing loss is permanent, it pays to invest in protective gear for your ears, such as the products below.

Radians 430-EHP Earmuffs
Volume Control

Whether practicing your shooting skills to become more proficient on the job or as a competitive pastime, each time the trigger is squeezed, you expose your eardrums to an explosive, potentially damaging sound. That’s why firing ranges mandate hearing protection devices. Once a noise measures at least 86 decibels, the Radians 430-EHP Earmuffs’ electronic circuit automatically kicks in to mute the impact and protect the wearer. Boasting a noise reduction rating of 26 on a 1-to-34 scale, the device also possesses an independent microphone programmed to detect and amplify low-sound levels. The battery lasts up to 200 hours. MSRP $34.99.

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SureFire EP3 Sonic Defenders Earplugs
Sound Distinction

Proper hearing protection shouldn’t drown out all noises. It’s crucial for officers to distinguish acceptable sounds while creating a defense against dangerous volumes. The EP3 Sonic Defenders by SureFire make this distinction for you. The earplugs allow safe-level sounds to pass through undeterred, while sounds reaching 85 decibels or louder are directed through a noise-reducing filter. Of course, comfort is a big factor, too. These devices are molded out of a soft, hypoallergenic polymer that not only provides a cushy fit, but an extended lifecycle when properly cared for. Earplugs fit conveniently under helmets and masks. MSRP $13.95.

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New Motorola Solutions Tactical Boomless Temple Transducer
High-Tech Protection

For scenarios in which hands-free communication becomes paramount, the Motorola Solutions Tactical Boomless Temple Transducer enables officers to receive radio communication via bone vibrations guided to the inner ear canal, allowing them to be simultaneously hands-on with other tasks. The Transducer also comfortably fits under traditional hearing protection and helmets. This ensures hearing health in critical circumstances that may call for loud tactics such as stun grenades, but the versatile Transducer accommodates regular environmental noises as well. MSRP $377.

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Every law enforcement officer expects to experience some stressful moments at work. Many, however, are not prepared for exactly how stressful their daily duties will be, and police culture still has trouble fully comprehending and acknowledging the pain that stress can cause.

“An officer often thinks that ‘If I tell a mental health practitioner, administration is going to take me off the street and take away my gun and put me on the desk, and that is the last thing I want to have happen,’” says Deirdre DeLong, Program Director for the Critical Incident Response Service at Fraternal Order of Police of Ohio.

Emotional wellness and safety can no longer be ignored, however. They are being pushed to the forefront of education and outreach efforts as more officers struggle with critical incidents, unstable communities, national exposure and stretched-out resources. Here are some of the most common day-to-day psychological stressors that officers are exposed to, along with expert advice on how to handle them in practical ways before they impact your personal or professional life.

ADMINISTRATIVE STRESSES
Cause: Misunderstandings between patrol and upper management. Each group may not be fully aware of where the other is coming from and what the daily grind of their job is really like.

Symptoms: It creates a lack of respect and trust between officers and leadership that manifests as an “us versus them” mentality, says DeLong. Hallmarks include tense communication, either verbal or nonverbal, or blatantly ignoring that the other exists. Anger boiling just beneath the surface can explode at seemingly unexpected moments.

Coping strategy: “Just talking to each other can ease tension,” says DeLong. One of you will have to be the bigger person, though, and invite the other to sit down, either during a slow shift or while off duty. The conversation is not a time to point fingers, but rather to ask questions and actually listen to answers. “Discuss your goals, both as individuals and as a team,” suggests DeLong. If communicating is too uncomfortable, take a moment to put yourself in each other’s shoes. Administrators need to do better at rewarding patrol officers for a job well done. Patrol officers must understand there may be some inside police politics that affect how administrators are allowed to do their jobs.

FAMILY LIFE
Cause: Inability to communicate with spouse, children or other family members.

Symptoms: Sometimes the very thing that is supposed to offer police officers respite from their careers becomes the biggest stressor in their lives. That’s because, over time, officers can become detached from their families, explains Stephanie Samuels, a psychotherapist from New Jersey who works exclusively with law enforcement and first responders. Officers spend so much time trying not to talk about their feelings that they end up going numb and begin acting out in other harmful ways. “Sometimes it’s that that they do not want to expose their loved ones with what they’ve been through, or they don’t want to have to relive the horror that they just experienced,” she says. “What ends up happening, though, is that they seek out another person to tell that stuff to and that devolves into an affair, or they turn to drugs, alcohol or some other adrenaline-seeking rush.”

Coping strategy: Getting in touch with a therapist who understands law enforcement culture is key. “These types of therapists get the thoughts, impulses, desires to act out and adrenaline-seeking behavior better than anyone,” says Samuels. “Normally, however, officers don’t contact a therapist until they’ve already acted out.” She also recommends maintaining friendships outside of law enforcement: “Officers start to lose their civilian way of thinking, so any small problem an officer is having may be exacerbated by only having law enforcement friends. Whereas a law enforcement friend may tell another officer to ‘have a drink’ at the end of a hard day, a civilian friend might ask more questions in a nonthreatening, caring way that allows the officer to just vent.”

AMBIGUITY
Cause: Continually worrying about your safety, not knowing what situations you’ll encounter.

Symptoms: For patrol officers, every shift and every call has a sense of ambiguity, says Dr. Jay Phillippi, staff psychologist at the Fargo (N.D.) VA Medical Center and also a former police officer. Officers cannot trust that they will come out of a situation safely, and over time, that can wear away at their resilience. They can become irritable and resistant to even the smallest change.

Coping strategy: Try to develop your own post-call or post-shift routine, so if something goes awry you have something stable to return to. Some examples may be heading back to the station and writing a report right away, or calling your spouse and discussing dinner plans. “You’re looking for something very well established and grounded that helps put you back in the here and now,” says Phillippi.

CONSTANT SCRUITINY
Cause: Enduring public surveillance through a 24-hour news cycle, social
media and camera phones.

Symptoms: Conducting yourself while on camera, or even feeling like you’re on camera, creates a heightened experience. Your emotions may be difficult to control, and things may feel like they’re happening faster than they already are. This can lead to overreacting, or on the flip side, indecision while on scene. Either way, officers who feel their actions are always being captured and scrutinized may eventually develop a dislike for the community that they are charged with serving, says DeLong.  

Coping strategy: DeLong’s advice is to quit media cold turkey. Don’t read or watch the news, but if you just can’t help it, avoid the comments. Definitely talk with your fellow officers or administrators, but don’t get sucked into belittling the community you serve. Communicating with your family or other positive neighbors will help you keep perspective.

DEPERSONALIZATION
Cause: Exposure to too much human misery can numb your feelings toward the people you serve.

Symptoms: Officers in the throes of depersonalization may come across as wooden, stiff, rude or gruff. They may complain all the time and not show emotion or empathy when dealing with people on calls, even upstanding members of society. “When you have people complaining about you, that’s a big red flag,” says Phillippi.

Coping strategy: The best remedy for depersonalization is balance, says Phillippi. Participate in activities that are not police-related in your downtime. Embrace your family or support system to lift you up. Police administrators shouldn’t let their officers feel like they’re fighting an uphill battle alone, Phillippi cautions. If departments recognize that some of their officers are struggling with depersonalization issues, they should organize police-related activities within the community. “For example, my previous department in Moorhead, Minnesota, runs a Cops ’N Kids hockey game where members of the various law enforcement departments play a game to raise money for charity. It’s a great way to get officers involved with real people in the community so they can see real value among the people they’re serving,” says Phillippi.

OVERSPENDING
Cause: A sense of entitlement that comes from seeing people die unexpectedly, both from civilian and fellow officer deaths. Officers begin to justify living beyond their means because they think they’ll die young, too.

Symptoms: Samuels says overspending is often the result of officers stuffing their feelings inside for too long. “It’s another example of a high-risk behavior like drugs or alcohol or gambling that gives them an adrenaline rush,” she says. The problem is that it creates a vicious cycle within their family. The officer has spent so much money as a coping mechanism that they need to start working more overtime. Then, their spouse or children begin complaining that they never see the officer anymore. The officer becomes angry with their spouse or children for not respecting the amount of time he or she is spending at the job to afford their nice lifestyle. Everyone feels angry and disappointed. The officer may then buy more stuff to make everyone feel better, and the cycle perpetuates. Families get torn apart when the spouse finally decides enough is enough.

Coping strategy: Therapy will likely be necessary to break the cycle, but the officer has to be open to admitting something isn’t right and swallowing a bit of pride. “An officer will really have to hear what people are saying without being defensive,” says Samuels. It often takes the threat of divorce and losing time with children, however, before an officer will grasp the need for change, she says. Once an officer reaches that point, it’s like an automatic wake-up call in most cases. “They realize that once they’re done with this career they really want their family in their life and their behavior is affecting the long-term likelihood of that happening.”